What are the common causes of sinusitis?

Sinusitis is generally caused by infection, allergy, or external irritation that leads to inflammation of the mucous membranes. It may manifest as nasal congestion, headaches, facial pressure, and other symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. The sinuses are small, air-filled cavities around the nasal cavity, lined with mucous membranes that normally secrete mucus to clear dust and germs from the air. However, when the nasal cavity is attacked by viruses, bacteria, or allergens, the mucous membranes may swell, causing the sinus ostia to become blocked and preventing the drainage of secretions. This provides an opportunity for germs to proliferate, leading to inflammation. Based on specific causes, sinusitis can be classified into acute and chronic types. Acute sinusitis often starts with a common cold, with the infection invading the mucous membranes and causing short-term symptoms. Chronic sinusitis is more associated with allergic constitutions or structural abnormalities of the nasal cavity (such as a deviated nasal septum), and it may last for weeks or even months, with a tendency for recurrent episodes. The risk of sinusitis also increases in environments with severe pollution or high levels of seasonal pollen. The key to preventing sinusitis is to maintain nasal health. Pay attention to keeping warm during seasonal transitions and avoid prolonged exposure to polluted, dusty, or excessively irritating environments. For those with allergic constitutions, nasal irrigators can be used to wash away allergens. When experiencing a cold, take prompt intervention measures to avoid delaying treatment and worsening the condition. If persistent symptoms such as significant facial pain and increased thick secretions occur, seek medical attention as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment.