Risks and Management of Lung Infections in Leukemia Patients

Leukemia patients fear lung infections the most, as they can exacerbate the disease and even pose a life-threatening risk. It is crucial for patients to seek medical attention promptly and undergo targeted treatment under the guidance of a physician.

1. Causes

Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of leukemia cells in bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues due to differentiation disorders and apoptosis blockages. These cells infiltrate other non-hematopoietic tissues and organs, inhibiting normal hematopoiesis, leading to a series of clinical manifestations. When leukemia cells enter the central nervous system, they can form leukemia tumors, invading the meninges, brain parenchyma, or spinal cord, resulting in symptoms such as increased intracranial pressure and headaches.

2. Symptoms

Leukemia patients with weakened immune systems are susceptible to bacterial or viral infections, which can trigger pneumonia. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, fever, and chest pain. Without prompt anti-infective treatment, the disease may progress to affect other systems and organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys, potentially threatening the patient's life.

3. Treatment

Diagnosed leukemia patients must cooperate with medical professionals. Treatment options include chemotherapy with medications like Vincristine Sulfate Injection and Daunorubicin Hydrochloride Injection, as prescribed. Surgical interventions like allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may also be considered. Additionally, patients should prioritize rest, avoid overexertion, ensure adequate sleep, minimize prolonged stays awake, and maintain a balanced diet rich in high-quality proteins from sources like eggs, milk, and lean meat to support overall health and nutrition.