What are the early signs of developing尿毒症?

Uremia Syndrome

Uremia is a syndrome comprising a series of clinical manifestations that arise when chronic kidney disease progresses to its terminal stage. The occurrence of uremia is primarily related to abnormal kidney function, which leads to the accumulation of metabolic wastes in the body. This condition further causes endocrine disorders such as water-electrolyte imbalance and acid-base imbalance, as well as abnormalities in the digestive tract, heart, lungs, and nervous system. Before the onset of uremia, there are several precursor symptoms, including abnormalities in the digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems.

1. Digestive System

Due to abnormal kidney function, metabolic wastes and toxins cannot be properly excreted, leading to irritation of the digestive tract. This results in symptoms such as anorexia, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

2. Cardiovascular System

Patients with uremia may experience heart failure due to factors such as water-sodium retention and hypertension. This manifests as symptoms like chest tightness, dyspnea, shortness of breath, and inability to lie flat.

3. Respiratory System

Uremia can cause acidosis and electrolyte disturbances, affecting respiratory function and leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and panting. In severe cases, respiratory distress may occur.

4. Nervous System

Uremia-induced renal encephalopathy affects the normal function of the brain and spinal nerves, resulting in symptoms like disturbed consciousness, memory loss, and abnormal sensations in the limbs.

5. Other Symptoms

Electrolyte disturbances can lead to hypokalemia, manifesting as symptoms such as muscle weakness and muscle soreness. This can also affect the digestive system, causing decreased appetite and nausea. Additionally, it can impact the blood system, leading to anemia with symptoms like dizziness and fatigue.

If these symptoms appear, it is highly suspected that they are caused by uremia. Timely medical attention should be sought, with tests such as blood routine, urine routine, renal function, and renal ultrasound conducted to confirm the diagnosis. Under the guidance of a physician, symptomatic treatment should be initiated, along with dietary control to limit protein intake. Additionally, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or other prescribed treatments should be performed.