What are the risks associated with autologous fat grafting?

Autologous fat grafting, although a relatively safe cosmetic procedure, still poses several potential risks and hazards.

1. Overfilling: Overfilling is a common issue during autologous fat grafting. When facial fat grafting is performed, if the surgeon does not accurately gauge the amount of fat to inject, it may result in an overly full appearance, losing the natural aesthetic. This not only affects appearance but may also have negative psychological impacts.

2. Uneven Fat Distribution: Uneven fat distribution is another frequent issue. Due to the complex facial tissue structure, fat injected at different levels may lead to uneven results. Post-injection, facial irregularities may occur, affecting overall aesthetics.

3. Fat Migration: Fat migration refers to the movement of injected fat within the face, resulting in unstable outcomes. This may occur during the postoperative recovery period, especially in areas with more facial movements. Fat migration not only impacts appearance but may also lead to non-lasting results, necessitating additional injections.

4. Uneven Fat Absorption: After autologous fat grafting, not all fat cells survive. Some may be absorbed by the body, leading to uneven results. This issue is particularly noticeable within a few months post-surgery, and multiple injections may be required to achieve the desired effect.

5. Small Nodule Formation: When fat is injected too superficially, small nodules may form under the skin. These nodules, usually caused by clustered fat cells, may cause local skin irregularities or even hardness. Although these nodules usually do not affect health, they may require surgical or other interventions.

6. Infection Risk: Although the infection risk in autologous fat grafting is low, it still exists. Inadequate sterilization during surgery or improper postoperative care may lead to infections. Infections not only affect the outcome but may also pose more serious health risks.

7. Nerve Injury: During facial fat grafting, due to the dense distribution of facial nerves, improper manipulation may cause nerve injuries. Nerve injuries can lead to facial numbness, pain, and even impaired function of facial expression muscles, requiring particular caution.

To mitigate these risks, choosing an experienced and professional surgeon is crucial. The surgeon's skill and experience directly impact the outcome and safety of the procedure. Detailed consultation about the surgical process and potential risks before surgery helps in making more informed decisions.

Postoperative care is equally critical. Following the surgeon's advice, keeping wounds clean, and avoiding strenuous activities help reduce the risk of infection and fat migration. Regular follow-ups for early detection and management of issues are also vital for ensuring surgical outcomes.

While autologous fat grafting presents some potential hazards, selecting a professional surgeon and adhering to scientific postoperative care can minimize these risks and achieve the desired cosmetic effects.