Factors Contributing to Gastric Cancer

The occurrence of gastric cancer is influenced by multiple factors, including environment, diet, Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic predisposition, and certain precancerous conditions.

1. Environmental Factors:

The environment has a profound impact on our health. Long-term exposure to harmful substances such as tobacco smoke, industrial pollutants, and certain chemicals may increase the risk of developing gastric cancer. Research indicates that living in areas with severe air pollution and increased exposure to harmful chemicals can negatively affect gastric health.

2. Dietary Habits:

Diet is a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer. High-salt diets, preserved foods, smoked foods, and high-fat diets are all believed to be associated with gastric cancer. In particular, the nitrite present in preserved foods can convert into carcinogenic substances in the body, elevating the risk of gastric cancer. To reduce this risk, it is recommended to consume more fresh vegetables and fruits and reduce the intake of high-salt and preserved foods.

3. Helicobacter Pylori Infection:

Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterial infection of the stomach that, if left untreated for a prolonged period, can lead to chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, thereby increasing the risk of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is one of the primary causative factors of gastric cancer. Regular screening for H. pylori and timely treatment, if necessary, can effectively reduce the incidence of gastric cancer.

4. Genetic Factors:

Genetics plays a crucial role in the development of some cancers, including gastric cancer. If there is a family history of gastric cancer, your risk of developing the disease may increase. The risk of familial gastric cancer suggests that certain genetic mutations may increase an individual's susceptibility to the disease. For individuals with a family history, regular gastric examinations are recommended for early detection and treatment.

5. Precancerous Conditions:

Certain gastric diseases are considered precursors to gastric cancer, such as gastric ulcers, remnant stomachs, and atrophic gastritis. Long-standing, untreated gastric ulcers may evolve into gastric cancer. A remnant stomach, which is the remaining portion after partial gastrectomy, can also increase the risk of cancer due to chronic inflammation and irritation. Atrophic gastritis, a type of chronic gastritis where the gastric mucosa gradually atrophies, also increases the likelihood of cancer. For these high-risk groups, regular gastroscopy and aggressive treatment of the underlying conditions are crucial preventive measures against gastric cancer.

6. Lifestyle:

In addition to the aforementioned factors, lifestyle also plays a significant role in the development of gastric cancer. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer. Smokers have a much higher risk of developing gastric cancer than non-smokers, and excessive alcohol consumption can damage the gastric mucosa. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including smoking cessation, moderation in alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, can effectively reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

7. Psychological Factors:

Prolonged psychological stress and anxiety may also adversely affect gastric health. While the direct relationship between psychological factors and gastric cancer is not fully understood, stress and anxiety can affect gastric acid secretion, leading to gastric discomfort and inflammation, which indirectly increases the risk of gastric cancer. Maintaining a good mental state and learning stress-reduction techniques are also essential for gastric health.

By understanding these triggers of gastric cancer, we can adopt corresponding preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the disease. Maintaining healthy dietary habits, undergoing regular health check-ups, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and maintaining a good mental state are all effective methods for preventing gastric cancer. Let us all prioritize our gastric health and stay away from the threat of gastric cancer.