What Are the Diagnostic Criteria for Hypertension in Adults?

Update Date: 2024-05-16 Source: Network

Hypertension is a disease that often affects the elderly. It refers to the condition where the pressure within the blood vessels is excessively high, affecting the flow rate of blood. High blood pressure may be related to blockages in the blood vessels and insufficient vasoconstrictive capacity. Therefore, patients with hypertension need to control their blood pressure through medication and also manage their emotions. Hypertension is generally caused by other underlying diseases, with cardiovascular disease and kidney disease being the most common. These two conditions can lead to aortic stenosis.

Currently, the international community often adopts the definition of childhood hypertension established by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Children and Adolescents (NHBPEP) in 2004: hypertension is defined as having an average systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than the 95th percentile (P95) for children and adolescents of the same sex, age, and height on three or more separate occasions. Subsequently, the degree of hypertension is classified, and P90, P95, and P99 are uniformly adopted as the standards for classifying and defining blood pressure levels in children and adolescents.

1. Cardiovascular disease: Children with congenital aortic stenosis often have severe hypertension. Due to poor circulatory function, these children tend to have short stature.

2. Kidney diseases such as congenital renal hypoplasia, congenital urinary tract malformations, renal artery stenosis, latent nephritis, and pyelonephritis are often accompanied by elevated blood pressure. The early symptoms of these patients are generally mild, mainly manifesting as delayed development, pale complexion, and emaciation. As the condition progresses, severe renal hypertension may occur. Additionally, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis often present with hypertension symptoms.

3. Endocrine diseases that can cause elevated blood pressure include adrenal cortical hyperplasia and kidney tumors. Clinically, these children often exhibit delayed development, flushed complexion, and excessive, dark, and long hair, especially on the forehead and back.

4. Vitamin D excess: During childhood growth, to prevent rickets, children are often given calcium supplements along with long-term vitamin D products, such as vitamin D injections or cod liver oil orally. This can lead to excessive calcium deposition in the kidneys and large blood vessels, causing renal calcification and vascular calcification, which can also contribute to hypertension. Renal calcification can also affect normal growth and development, resulting in short stature.