Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells, and neutrophils are the product of leukemia cell proliferation. Therefore, to diagnose whether a patient has leukemia, it is necessary to perform a peripheral blood smear examination to observe the morphology of white blood cells. The peripheral blood smear allows observation of the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood, whether the proportion of white blood cells is normal, and also the classification of white blood cells. In the acute phase of leukemia, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of most patients will increase, and the proportion and absolute value of neutrophils will also increase. In the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia, although the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood increases, the proportion and absolute value of neutrophils will decrease. 1. Acute myeloid leukemia: Manifested as an increase in myeloid progenitor cells and promyelocytes, with a decrease in red blood cells and platelets. Primitive and immature granulocytes, red blood cells, and platelets can be seen in the peripheral blood smear. 2. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: Manifested as an increase in neutrophils in the peripheral blood, with an increase in the proportion and absolute value of neutrophils, while the decrease in red blood cells and platelets is not significant. 3. Megakaryoblastic leukemia: Manifested as an increase in neutrophils in the peripheral blood, and neutrophils are the main component of megakaryocytes. 4. Lymphocytic leukemia: Manifested as an increase in lymphocytes or abnormal lymphocyte morphology. Primitive or immature lymphocytes can be seen in the peripheral blood smear. Therefore, to diagnose whether a patient has leukemia, in addition to the peripheral blood smear examination, other examinations are also needed. For patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, antibody tests should be performed to observe whether the number and proportion of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood are normal. At the same time, bone marrow aspiration should be performed to determine whether there are a large number of primitive or immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow.
