"How Do I Determine the Type of Leukemia?"

Leukemia: A Malignant Tumor of the Hematopoietic System

Leukemia, a malignancy of the hematopoietic system, arises from the excessive proliferation of abnormal primitive cells in the bone marrow. Clinically, leukemia is categorized into two major groups: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, based on distinct pathological types and clinical manifestations.

1. Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia is characterized by its sudden onset, rapid progression, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis. The primary manifestations include anemia, bleeding, infection, and infiltration. Patients typically experience symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal significantly elevated or decreased white blood cell counts in peripheral blood, along with reduced red blood cell and platelet counts. Bone marrow smears show a proportion of primitive cells exceeding 20%. Imaging studies may detect enlarged liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.

2. Chronic Leukemia

Chronic leukemia, on the other hand, has a slow onset, milder symptoms, and a better prognosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, low-grade fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Laboratory findings indicate normal or slightly elevated white blood cell counts in peripheral blood, with decreased red blood cell and platelet counts. Bone marrow smears reveal a proportion of primitive cells below 20%. If leukemia is suspected, prompt medical attention is advised for further diagnosis and treatment.

Physicians assess the type of leukemia based on the patient's symptoms, physical signs, and laboratory test results, and devise individualized treatment plans. Treatment options encompass chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Additionally, patients are encouraged to rest adequately, maintain a positive mindset, and actively cooperate with their doctors throughout the treatment process.