What Are the Differences Between Niacin and Folic Acid?

The primary distinctions between niacin and folic acid lie in their chemical structures and functions.

1. Chemical Structure: Niacin, a form of vitamin B3, with the chemical name nicotinic acid, is a colorless crystal. Folic acid, a form of vitamin B9, with the chemical name pteroylglutamic acid, is a yellow crystal.

2. Functions: Niacin can be converted into the coenzymes NAD and NADP in the body, participating in energy metabolism and cellular respiration. Folic acid is essential for cell growth and division, crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, as well as the formation of red blood cells.

3. Sources: Niacin is mainly found in animal foods such as meat, fish, and nuts. Folic acid is predominantly present in plant foods like green leafy vegetables, beans, and yeast.

4. Deficiency Symptoms: Niacin deficiency can lead to skin inflammation, digestive system issues, and neurological symptoms. Folic acid deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, neurological developmental problems, and fetal malformations.

Both niacin and folic acid are B vitamins and are crucial for human health. A balanced intake should be maintained in daily diets to meet the body's needs for these two vitamins. Pregnant and lactating women need to increase their intake of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in fetuses. Supplementation should be done under the guidance of a doctor or nutritionist.