What Is a Typical Case of Uremia?
![](http://imgs.sj88.com/sj88/9/41457-20240723114343669f26efb40eb.jpg)
1. Edema: Due to abnormal kidney function, urine output decreases, leading to water retention in the body, resulting in edema in the face and both lower limbs.
2. Hypertension: Kidney damage leads to increased renin secretion, causing secondary hypertension. Additionally, excessive volume load may lead to heart failure.
3. Gastrointestinal discomfort: The retention of uremic toxins affects the patient's digestive function, potentially causing abdominal distension, decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting.
4. Fatigue: Patients with uremia may experience fatigue, which may be related to anemia and acidosis.
5. Dyspnea: Uremia may lead to pulmonary edema, affecting respiratory function, resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest tightness.
6. Skin itching: Mainly caused by the retention of toxins in the body, stimulating the nerve endings of the skin.
7. Anemia: Renal anemia can cause patients' skin and mucous membranes to appear pale, losing their original complexion, accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue and dizziness.
8. Electrolyte imbalance: Due to the decreased function of water excretion caused by uremia, electrolyte imbalance may occur, manifesting as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia.
Patients with uremia should pay attention to diet management in daily life, strictly limiting salt intake, adopting a low-salt, low-fat diet, controlling protein intake, and appropriately supplementing with high-quality proteins such as lean meat, eggs, and fish. Additionally, patients should rest adequately, avoid overexertion, and maintain sufficient sleep.