What Are the Aftereffects of Severe Hypoglycemia?

If symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as dizziness, sweating, and palpitations, occur, immediate medical attention should be sought. Severe hypoglycemia can potentially lead to sequelae such as blindness, myocardial infarction, or cerebral edema.

1. Vision Loss

Vision loss is often caused by hypoglycemia resulting from inadequate energy intake or excessive energy consumption. Typically, this condition presents with symptoms like fatigue, trembling, and palpitations. When hypoglycemia becomes severe, it can exacerbate retinal pathology, leading to decreased vision, and in severe cases, blindness.

2. Myocardial Infarction

During a hypoglycemic episode, the sympathetic-chromaffin system is stimulated, causing an increase in heart rate, which can lead to sinus tachycardia. This may result in inadequate blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, potentially triggering a myocardial infarction.

3. Cerebral Edema

Cerebral edema occurs when hypoglycemic symptoms are not promptly and effectively addressed, allowing blood glucose levels to remain low for over six hours. This prolonged hypoglycemia leads to ischemic punctate necrosis or softening of local brain tissue.