What Are the Causes and Treatment Options for High-Level Horseshoe-Shaped Anal Fistula?

Causes and Treatment Measures of High Horseshoe Anal Fistula

High horseshoe anal fistula may arise from improper diet, prolonged sitting, trauma, bacterial infection, iatrogenic factors, among others. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate improvement or treatment measures under the guidance of a physician. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Improper Diet

Long-term consumption of spicy and stimulating foods, such as chili peppers and hot pot, can lead to constipation, thereby increasing the risk of perianal diseases. As perianal diseases increase, the probability of anal fistula formation also rises. Dietary adjustments are necessary, avoiding these foods and opting for blander options like noodles, wonton soup, and rice.

2. Prolonged Sitting

Prolonged sitting can result in continuous high pressure within the anus, elevating the risk of perianal abscesses and anal fistulas. It is advised for those who sit for extended periods to adjust their habits, getting up and moving for 20-30 minutes after every 1-2 hours of sitting to alleviate anal pressure.

3. Trauma

Trauma to the perianal region caused by foreign object insertion or sharp instrument cuts can progress into abscesses, which may develop into anal fistulas. It is essential to protect oneself from such incidents, refraining from curiosity-driven foreign object insertion. In case of injury, prompt medical attention and treatment with medications like erythromycin ointment, aureomycin ointment, or mupirocin ointment, as prescribed, are necessary.

4. Bacterial Infection

Bacterial invasion of anal glands can lead to local infection and abscesses, potentially progressing into anal fistula if left untreated. Antibiotic treatments, such as azithromycin tablets, amoxicillin capsules, or moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets, as prescribed by a doctor, are necessary.

5. Iatrogenic Factors

Improper handling during anoscopy can cause anorectal injuries. Coupled with inadequate personal care, this can allow bacterial invasion into the wound, leading to high horseshoe anal fistula. Surgical intervention like anal fistula incision can be considered under medical guidance, aiming to promote wound healing from the outside in through granulation tissue growth.

Each patient's underlying cause may vary, and it is not recommended to undergo blind treatments to avoid inappropriate treatment methods. During treatment, patients should comply with regular follow-up visits to their doctors to facilitate monitoring of their condition's progression.