In our lives, infarction cases are quite common. Infarction is mainly caused by the interruption of blood flow in the body, leading to ischemic necrosis of local tissues, which brings significant harm to patients. Generally speaking, infarction can occur in any part of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, heart, spleen, etc. The different locations of infarction will inevitably result in different impacts. Infarction is mainly divided into anemic infarction and hemorrhagic infarction. Let's take a look at the differences between anemic infarction and hemorrhagic infarction.
1. Anemic infarction occurs in solid organs with dense tissue structure and insufficient collateral circulation, such as the spleen, kidneys, myocardium, and brain tissue. When an infarction lesion forms, less blood enters the necrotic tissue from the collateral vessels at the edge of the lesion, and the infarction lesion appears grayish-white, hence the name anemic infarction (also known as white infarction). Infarcts in the spleen and kidneys are cone-shaped, with the tip pointing to the site of vascular obstruction and the base resting on the surface of the organ. There is often a small amount of fibrinous exudate covering the serosal surface. Myocardial infarction lesions appear as irregular map-like patterns. In the early stages of infarction, a hyperemic hemorrhage zone is commonly seen at the interface between the infarction lesion and normal tissue due to inflammatory reactions. After a few days, the red blood cells are phagocytosed by macrophages and transformed into hemosiderin, resulting in a yellowish-brown color. In the late stage, the surface of the lesion sinks, the texture becomes firm, the yellowish-brown hemorrhage zone disappears, and is replaced by granulation tissue and scar tissue. Microscopically, there are changes of ischemic coagulation necrosis, and early infarction lesions may show nuclear pyknosis, nuclear fragmentation, and nuclear dissolution. The cytoplasm appears uniformly red, and the organizational structure is preserved (such as renal infarction). In the late stage, the lesion appears as a homogenously red-stained structure, with edges surrounded by granulation tissue and scar tissue. Additionally, cerebral infarction is generally anemic infarction, and the necrotic tissue often softens and liquefies without structure.
2. Hemorrhagic infarction is commonly seen in organs with dual blood circulation, such as the lungs and intestines, under conditions of loose tissue structure and severe congestion. Due to the presence of extensive bleeding within the infarction lesion, it is called hemorrhagic infarction, also known as red infarction. Treatment should involve identifying the underlying disease that caused the hemorrhagic infarction and addressing the cause. Attention should be paid to the nature and location of the bleeding. Regardless of the location of infarction in the body, prompt medical treatment should be sought. Once consciousness is restored, the condition will improve, and patients should be encouraged to engage in active exercise. Early mobilization, including training in getting out of bed, standing, and walking, should be gradually increased in scope and frequency. Finally, patients should be helped with stair-climbing exercises to fully exercise their limbs and promote functional recovery.
