What causes hiatal hernia?

The occurrence of hiatal hernia may be related to genetic factors, environmental influences, individual constitution, and other diseases. It is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple factors to determine its cause, in order to take targeted measures for treatment or prevention.

1. Genetic Factors
Research shows that the occurrence of hiatal hernia may be related to familial inheritance. Some people are born with a weaker diaphragm or structural abnormalities, which can lead to an enlarged esophageal hiatus, allowing part of the stomach to enter the chest cavity. These patients usually need to pay special attention to avoiding behaviors that increase intra-abdominal pressure.

2. External Environmental Factors
Long-term unhealthy lifestyles are another important cause of hiatal hernia. For example, long-term heavy physical labor, excessive coughing, or prolonged bending and stooping at work can increase intra-abdominal pressure. Obese individuals are relatively prone to increased intra-abdominal pressure due to excess abdominal fat and belong to the high-risk group. Avoiding long-term vigorous exercise and maintaining a healthy weight are crucial.

3. Physiological Factors
Old age and weakness are among the important factors that induce hiatal hernia. Aging leads to gradual relaxation of the diaphragm and decreased support at the esophageal hiatus. During pregnancy, hormonal changes and pressure from an enlarged uterus on the abdomen may cause temporary symptoms of hiatal hernia in pregnant women.

4. Trauma and Surgical Impact
Chest and abdominal trauma or postoperative complications can, in some cases, lead to hiatal hernia. Direct injury to the esophageal hiatus may cause local structural deformation or decreased elasticity. Patients undergoing abdominal or esophageal surgery should closely monitor their postoperative recovery and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms such as abdominal pain or acid reflux occur.

5. Related Pathological Factors
Long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic cough, or constipation can indirectly lead to sustained increases in intra-abdominal pressure, thereby increasing the risk of hiatal hernia. These patients need to be treated for related diseases as early as possible to reduce the likelihood of disease progression.

Although the causes of hiatal hernia are complex and diverse, adjusting lifestyle habits, reducing intra-abdominal pressure, and actively treating related underlying diseases can, to a certain extent, reduce the risk of occurrence or alleviate symptoms. For patients with severe or recurrent conditions, it is recommended to consult a professional doctor for systematic examination and treatment as soon as possible, such as drug control of gastric acid, laparoscopic surgery to repair the hernia, etc., to develop the best treatment plan according to individual circumstances.