What are some examples of cardiotonic drugs?

Cardiac glycosides, caffeine, epinephrine, etc. are commonly used cardiac drugs. Commonly used cardiac glycosides include digoxin and oral digoxin. Coffee also has a certain stimulating effect on the heart. In clinical practice, epinephrine can enhance the excitability of the myocardium and is often used for cardiac resuscitation. Cardiac drugs are divided into cardiac glycosides and non-cardiac glycosides, sympathomimetic amines. 1. Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin, cedilanid, and digitoxin belong to the category of digitalis. Their mechanism of action, common adverse reactions, contraindications, etc. are similar. 2. Non-cardiac glycosides include sympathomimetic amines, dipyridine derivatives, and calcium sensitizers. They are often used in the period of acute heart failure or chronic heart failure exacerbation, such as acute heart failure with low cardiac output syndrome, refractory terminal heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension complicated with right heart failure. Sympathomimetic amines and dipyridine derivatives both increase intracellular cAMP concentration, thereby increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, enhancing myocardial contractility, and having vasodilatory effects. Short-term use has good hemodynamic effects, but it should be noted that long-term use will increase mortality. 3. Commonly used sympathomimetic amines are dopamine and dobutamine. They are not recommended for patients receiving beta-blockers.