Uremia is a syndrome composed of a series of clinical manifestations that occur after chronic kidney disease enters the terminal stage. The main symptoms of uremia include edema, hypertension, abdominal distension, decreased appetite, fatigue, anemia, etc. The details are as follows:
1. Edema: Due to kidney function damage, the glomerular filtration rate decreases, leading to the retention of water and sodium in the body, thereby causing edema. Edema often occurs on the face and both lower limbs of patients, and in severe cases, pleural effusion and ascites may occur. Due to water and sodium retention, hypertension may also occur.
2. Hypertension: Uremia can lead to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, which in turn causes blood pressure to rise, known as renal hypertension. Electrolyte imbalance caused by uremia may also lead to arrhythmia and increased heart burden, thus causing an increase in blood pressure.
3. Abdominal distension: As the kidneys are the main excretion organs for metabolic waste in the body, improper diet in uremia patients can easily lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the body, resulting in abdominal distension.
4. Decreased appetite: Due to the loss of renal function in uremia patients, their metabolic ability decreases, which in turn affects the function of the digestive system, resulting in decreased appetite.
5. Fatigue: Uremia patients may also experience fatigue and other symptoms, mainly due to the inability to timely excrete metabolites from the body, which accumulate in the body.
6. Anemia: As the kidneys are the main source of erythropoietin, uremia may lead to a decrease in erythropoietin, which in turn leads to anemia.
7. Other symptoms: Uremia patients may also experience symptoms such as apathy, delirium, convulsions, and even coma. Uremia patients usually require hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to remove excess metabolic waste from the body. If conditions permit, kidney transplantation can also be an option for treatment.
