"What are the Treatment Options for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma?"

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Guide

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a type of primary malignant liver tumor, predominantly affecting males. Patients often present with symptoms such as jaundice and abdominal pain, necessitating prompt medical attention for examination, diagnosis, and selection of appropriate treatment under medical guidance.

General Treatment

1. Dietary Adjustment: Recommend a diet rich in low-fat, high-protein foods, such as fish, which are excellent sources of quality protein.
2. Lifestyle Care: Ensure adequate rest, avoid overexertion; maintain a positive mindset, engage in moderate exercise to strengthen the body.

Pharmacological Treatment

For early- or mid-stage ICC without metastasis, surgical resection of the tumor may be considered, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Commonly used drugs include gemcitabine and cisplatin, administered as per medical advice.

Radiotherapy

Involves using radiation to kill cancer cells. It may damage normal tissues, hence suitable only for patients intolerant or unsuitable for surgery.

Chemotherapy

Inhibits cancer cell growth and promotes apoptosis. Commonly used drugs include doxorubicin and mitomycin C, but they carry significant side effects and limited efficacy.

Targeted Therapy

Utilizes molecular biology to bind anticancer drugs to cancer-specific antigens, killing cancer cells. Bevacizumab combined with imatinib is widely used clinically.

Immunotherapy

A novel treatment that harnesses the body's immune system to fight disease. Common drugs include rituximab and nivolumab.

Interventional Therapy

Includes percutaneous drainage and stent implantation, alleviating symptoms and prolonging survival.

Other Treatments

Besides the above, options like hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cryoablation are available, with the choice depending on individual circumstances.

The specific treatment plan for ICC should be individualized, based on a comprehensive assessment by a specialist. Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor disease progression, and the treatment plan should be adjusted promptly in case of abnormalities.