What is SD? What kind of medication is it?

Update Date: 2024-05-28 Source: Network

SD, which stands for sulfadiazine, is a kind of sulfa drug that is artificially synthesized with medium effect. When using sulfadiazine, it is recommended to drink plenty of water or take oral sodium bicarbonate to alkalize urine. SD is the preferred drug for preventing epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (also known as meningitis).

In China, SD is also the first choice for treating ordinary epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, as well as meningitis, brain abscess, and lung infections caused by Nocardia. It can also be used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis. SD is also used to treat upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections caused by bacteria sensitive to sulfadiazine.

SD can be used in combination with antibacterial synergists such as trimethoprim to produce synergistic antibacterial effects. Sulfadiazine is a commonly used oral sulfa drug with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It has good antibacterial effects against Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Shigella, and other bacteria.

In addition, it also has significant inhibitory effects on Chlamydia trachomatis, Actinomyces, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma. Currently, it is the preferred drug for treating epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Besides, it can also be used to treat upper respiratory infections, otitis media, skin and soft tissue infections, puerperal fever, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, intestinal infections, acute bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever, and other infections caused by sensitive bacteria.

However, sulfadiazine is prone to precipitate sulfa crystals in urine, which can cause damage to renal tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to drink plenty of water and take sodium bicarbonate simultaneously during administration. Sulfa drugs have a broad antibacterial spectrum and have good antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, meningococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella. They are particularly effective against Pneumocystis carinii infection.

The main sulfa drugs include sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, sulfasalazine, sulfadoxine, silver sulfadiazine, and sulfacetamide sodium. Among them, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and sulfadiazine are mainly used in the clinical treatment of various bacterial infections, Pneumocystis carinii infection, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. Sulfadoxine is used in combination with pyrimethamine for the prevention and treatment of malaria caused by drug-resistant strains. Sulfasalazine is the preferred drug for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis.