"What are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder?"
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Disorder)
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mental illness characterized by alternating periods of emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). Specific symptoms encompass manic symptoms, depressive symptoms, mixed episodes, rapid cycling, and psychotic symptoms. If symptoms persist without improvement, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly and follow targeted treatment measures under medical guidance. Details are as follows:
1. Manic Symptoms
Mania is a primary manifestation of bipolar disorder, during which patients experience elevated moods, boundless energy, rapid thoughts, and irritability. This state may lead to impulsive decisions or even impulsive behaviors. To manage these symptoms, patients must adhere to prescribed medications such as lithium carbonate (tablets) or sodium valproate (tablets). They should maintain regular routines and avoid excessively stimulating activities like gambling or intense sports.
2. Depressive Symptoms
During depressive episodes, patients' moods plummet, manifesting as a loss of interest in activities, extreme fatigue, helplessness, low self-esteem, and even suicidal thoughts. To address depressive symptoms, patients should follow prescribed medications like sertraline (tablets) or fluoxetine (tablets). Additionally, encouraging a positive outlook and engaging in light physical activities like walking or yoga can help alleviate depressive moods.
3. Mixed Episodes
In some cases, bipolar disorder patients experience simultaneous manic and depressive symptoms, known as mixed episodes, characterized by extreme emotional instability, irritability, and anxiety. For mixed episodes, antipsychotic medications under medical guidance, such as olanzapine (tablets) or quetiapine (tablets), are recommended. Patients should avoid stress, maintain healthy habits, and undergo regular psychological counseling to stabilize their emotions.
4. Rapid Cycling
Certain bipolar disorder patients exhibit rapid cycling, involving four or more episodes within a year. These patients experience frequent mood changes requiring special attention. Treatment involves the use of mood-stabilizing medications like lamotrigine (tablets) or carbamazepine (tablets) under medical guidance. Concurrent psychological therapy can help patients cope with mood fluctuations and learn emotion regulation techniques.
5. Psychotic Symptoms
During episodes, some bipolar disorder patients may experience psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, significantly impacting their daily lives. For these patients, antipsychotic medications like risperidone (tablets) or clozapine (tablets) are prescribed under medical supervision. Family members should closely monitor patients' condition, provide emotional support, and assist in adhering to medical recommendations.
Comprehensive medical and psychological treatments, coupled with healthy lifestyle habits, are crucial for bipolar disorder patients to effectively manage their symptoms. It is recommended that patients consult and receive treatment from a psychiatrist.
