What are the causes of nasopalatine cyst?

1. The causes of Nasopalatine Cyst include congenital genetic or developmental abnormalities of cysts, which encompass various facial cleft cysts such as subnasal cleft cyst, nasal dorsum midline cyst and fistula, cleft lip and palate cyst, nasopalatine cyst, incisor bone cyst, nasal vestibule cyst, dentigerous cyst, etc. Most of these cysts are due to embryonic remnants protruding on the surface during the process of junction or fusion. Nasal vestibule cysts can also be caused by obstruction of the mucous gland ducts at the nasal base and retention of secretions. As for dentigerous cysts, they may develop from normal dental follicles during tooth development.

2. Cysts caused by retention of glandular secretions include the aforementioned nasal vestibule cysts, which can be caused by obstruction of glandular ducts; the secretory type of nasal cyst mucosa also originates from this, sometimes referred to as mucous retention nasal cyst or submucosal nasal cyst. Cysts caused by infectious stimulation, such as maxillary periodontal cysts, are caused by cyst-like changes in the granulation tissue at the root tip.

3. Nasopalatine cysts can also form from the development of embryonic epithelial remnants within the incisive canal, along with trauma or infection that obstructs the glandular orifice within the nasopalatine canal, leading to the accumulation of secretions.

4. The lining epithelium of nasopalatine cysts exhibits considerable variation, with the presence of stratified squamous epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, or columnar epithelium, either separately or simultaneously. The connective tissue capsule wall of nasopalatine cysts contains characteristic blood vessels and nerves.