How is Ovarian Cyst Treated?

Treatment of Cysts, Including Ovarian Cysts

Cysts can be classified into various types. For instance, if acne on the face is not properly treated and anti-inflammatory measures are not taken, it can progress into a cyst. Additionally, some individuals may develop joint cysts due to various reasons. Many women suffer from uterine accessory inflammation, and in severe cases, may develop accessory cysts, which should not be underestimated. Timely treatment is crucial. The following article briefly introduces the treatment options for accessory cysts.

Ovarian Cysts: An Overview

Ovarian cysts belong to the broader category of ovarian tumors and can affect individuals of all ages, with the most common occurrence between 20 and 50 years old. Ovarian tumors are common in female reproductive organs, exhibiting various properties and morphologies, including unilateral or bilateral, cystic or solid, benign or malignant. Among these, cystic tumors are the most prevalent, albeit with a certain malignant proportion.

Surgical Treatment of Ovarian Cysts

The treatment approach for ovarian cysts is determined by factors such as the patient's age, whether the cyst is malignant, its location, volume, size, growth rate, whether fertility preservation is desired, and the patient's personal preferences.

1. Surgical Treatment for Benign Ovarian Cysts

• Ovarian Cystectomy: This procedure is preferred for younger patients, especially those pre-menopausal, aiming to preserve as much normal ovarian tissue as possible.
• Salpingo-oophorectomy: For older patients (over 45 years old) or post-menopausal individuals, unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be performed.

It is crucial to note that during surgery for large ovarian cysts, the focus should be on complete removal regardless of incision size to prevent spillage of cyst contents into the abdominal cavity or incision. Rapid changes in abdominal pressure during surgery can affect the patient's pulse, respiration, and blood pressure, necessitating timely interventions such as fluid or blood transfusions and oxygen supply. Early detection and prevention of complications like acute gastric dilatation, paralytic ileus, and subsequent water-electrolyte imbalance are also essential.

2. Surgical Treatment for Malignant Ovarian Cysts

• Extensive Resection: Since most patients present at an advanced stage, the primary goal is to remove the primary cyst and any visible pelvic or abdominal metastases as much as possible.
• Intraperitoneal Catheter Placement: Consideration may be given to placing an intraperitoneal catheter for post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Generally, surgical intervention is the primary treatment option for accessory cysts, with no other effective alternatives. The decision to treat also depends on whether the cyst is benign or malignant, emphasizing the importance of early treatment, especially for younger patients, as it reduces surgical risks and improves outcomes.