What Causes White Patches on the Face?

White patches on the face may be caused by a variety of conditions such as piebaldism, amelanotic nevus, anemia nevus, pityriasis simplex, vitiligo, senile punctate leukoderma, and tinea versicolor. It is recommended to seek medical advice for targeted treatment based on the underlying cause. Details are as follows:

1. Piebaldism

This is a genetic disorder that can occur anywhere on the body, most commonly on the face, forehead, and eyebrows. It typically does not spread with age; epidermal grafting can be used to improve the white patches.

2. Amelanotic Nevus

A congenital skin condition that causes lightening of the skin color on the face, usually in a small, blurred area. It can be removed through laser therapy, cryotherapy, or surgical excision.

3. Anemia Nevus

Also a congenital skin disorder, it commonly affects the trunk and is caused by impaired development of subcutaneous capillaries in the face. There is no effective treatment available, and generally, no treatment is required.

4. Pityriasis Simplex

May be associated with dryness, viral infections, and other factors. It often has no obvious symptoms but can manifest as thin, scaly skin. Treatment may include oral vitamins B6, B2, and C, or topical application of hydrocortisone butyrate cream and vitamin B6 cream.

5. Vitiligo

A skin disorder characterized by white patches due to the destruction of melanocytes. It presents as one or multiple depigmented patches on the face. Treatment options include vitamins B, E, folic acid, calcium, prednisone, and intramuscular injections of compound betamethasone, along with topical steroid creams or calcineurin inhibitors.

6. Senile Punctate Leukoderma

An idiopathic punctate pigmentary decrease disorder caused by the reduction of melanocytes in the skin as one ages. It generally has no impact on health and does not require treatment.

7. Tinea Versicolor

A skin infection caused by the fungus Malassezia, characterized by white patches and small scales. Treatment involves the use of antifungal medications such as miconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine creams.