"What Causes Eye Astigmatism, and Can It Be Treated?"

Eye Astigmatism: Causes and Corrections

Eye astigmatism, caused by an uneven cornea, is generally correctable. The origins of astigmatism are diverse, encompassing congenital factors, developmental issues, corneal disorders, eye surgeries, and lens opacities.

1. Congenital Factors or Developmental-Related Causes

Many cases of astigmatism are congenital, particularly prevalent among adolescents. Congenital astigmatism often manifests in a specific direction of the cornea, either with-the-rule (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR). WTR astigmatism involves a greater refractive power vertically than horizontally, while ATR astigmatism is the opposite.

2. Corneal Disorders

Corneal disorders constitute another significant cause of astigmatism, such as keratoconus, keratitis, and corneal scars. Keratoconus is a progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea into a conical shape, leading to severe astigmatism. Keratitis and corneal scars also alter corneal curvature, resulting in astigmatism.

3. Eye Surgeries

Surgeries, particularly ophthalmic ones, can induce astigmatism. For instance, scleral buckling procedures or incisions from other eye surgeries may change corneal shape, causing astigmatism. Irregular healing of the cornea during post-operative recovery can also lead to astigmatism.

4. Lens Opacities

Lens opacities, notably cataracts, are a cause of astigmatism. Cataracts cause uneven opacity in the lens, resulting in astigmatism. This type of astigmatism tends to worsen with age.

Methods of Correction for Astigmatism

Astigmatism is correctable through several common methods:

1. Eyeglasses

Wearing eyeglasses is the simplest and most common correction method. Astigmatism lenses correct vision by adjusting the refraction angle of light. Different types of astigmatism require distinct lens designs, necessitating professional optometry for prescription.

2. Contact Lenses

Contact lenses are an effective correction option, particularly for those who dislike wearing frames. Astigmatism-correcting contact lenses feature special designs to rectify corneal irregularities.

3. Surgery

For severe astigmatism, surgery may be the preferred choice. Common surgical methods include Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) and Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK). These surgeries correct astigmatism by altering corneal shape.

While the causes of astigmatism can be complex, it is largely correctable. Choosing the appropriate correction method can significantly improve vision, enhancing clarity and quality of life. If you have astigmatism, it is advisable to consult an ophthalmologist promptly to determine the most suitable correction method for you.