"How to Differentiate Between Vitiligo and White Patches?"

Methods to Differentiate Vitiligo from Leukoplakia

The approaches to distinguishing vitiligo from leukoplakia primarily encompass observing symptoms, assessing morphology, and utilizing auxiliary examinations. Here are the details:

1. Observing Symptoms

Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentary skin disorder characterized by the complete loss of pigmentation in localized or generalized areas of the skin and mucous membranes. In contrast, leukoplakia refers to hypopigmented patches on the skin, typically caused by a reduction in local melanocytes.

2. Assessing Morphology

Vitiligo arises from the destruction of melanocytes within the body, resulting in white patches with generally well-defined edges and a smooth, scale-free surface. Leukoplakia, on the other hand, can be genetic or caused by prolonged sun exposure, manifesting as circular or oval, pale white or milky white spots with clear boundaries. At the junction with normal skin, there may be a noticeable deepening of pigmentation.

3. Auxiliary Examinations

To confirm whether one has vitiligo or leukoplakia, a Wood's lamp examination at a hospital can help determine the severity of the condition. Additionally, physical examination and blood routine tests, in conjunction with a doctor's assessment, can aid in diagnosis. Furthermore, patients should take precautions against prolonged UV exposure by using sun protection measures in daily life to avoid exacerbating their condition. Maintaining a good mental state, avoiding emotional stress, adhering to a bland diet, and refraining from spicy foods like chili peppers and Sichuan peppercorns are also recommended. Should any significant discomfort arise, prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent disease progression.