What Causes Refractive Errors?

Refractive Error

Refractive error refers to the inability of parallel light rays from the external environment to form a clear focal point on the retina after passing through the eye's refractive system, instead focusing in front of or behind the retina. Depending on the refractive components, it can be classified into three types: myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

Causes

1. Myopia: Primarily caused by an excessively long axial length of the eyeball or an overly curved cornea.
2. Hyperopia: May result from decreased elasticity of the lens, weakened ciliary muscle function, or other factors.
3. Astigmatism: Typically arises due to variations in the curvature of different meridians on the corneal surface, resulting in a refractive state.

Treatment

For patients with mild to moderate refractive errors, observation may be recommended initially if it does not significantly impact daily life, with no immediate need for special treatment. However, if daily activities are affected, prescription glasses should be promptly worn to correct vision. For severe refractive errors, symptoms can be improved through wearing corneal contact lenses. Additionally, laser surgery or other methods can be considered for treatment purposes. It is advised to maintain good eye hygiene in daily life, avoiding prolonged close-up vision to prevent exacerbation. Maintaining healthy habits, including adequate sleep and avoiding late nights, is also essential. A diet rich in light, easily digestible foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, and high-quality protein can help supplement the body's nutritional needs, promoting overall health. In case of discomfort, seek medical attention promptly and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment.