"What Are the Typical Reasons Behind Lymph Node Swelling?"

Causes of Lymphadenectasis

Common causes of lymphadenectasis mainly include tumor, tuberculosis, infection, reactive hyperplasia, etc. In cases of severe lymphadenectasis, the possibility of cancer invasion should be considered. During palpation, the lymph nodes may feel hard, fixed, with uneven surfaces, generally without pain. As tuberculosis worsens, lymphadenectasis becomes more evident. Moreover, acute lymphadenitis infection frequently leads to lymphadenectasis.

1. Tumor

Lymphadenectasis can be severe due to cancer invasion, a manifestation of cancer cells infiltrating lymph node cells. Normal palpation reveals symptoms such as fixedness, hardness, and uneven surfaces of the lymph nodes. These nodes adhere to the normal skin without tenderness or pain. Lymphadenectasis symptoms arise from the metastasis of tumor cells that reside and proliferate in the lymph nodes.

2. Tuberculosis

Initially, tuberculous lymphadenitis may not adhere to the skin or surrounding tissues. However, as the condition progresses, the lymphadenectasis enlarges and may adhere, forming a contiguous mass. If ulceration occurs, it may produce a substance resembling bean curd residue.

3. Infection

Acute lymphadenitis infection is another cause of lymphadenectasis. Palpation reveals lymphadenectasis with a soft texture and unaffected movement. There is no adhesion to surrounding tissues or skin. Patients in the acute phase may also experience pain, fever, and redness.

4. Reactive Hyperplasia

Chronic diseases like thyroid nodules, breast hyperplasia, and immune system disorders can stimulate the lymph nodes, inducing lymphadenectasis.