Why Is My Gum Swollen But Not Painful?

Swollen gums that persist without pain are often associated with conditions such as chronic apical periodontitis and alveolar bone hyperplasia, as detailed below:

1. Chronic Apical Periodontitis

Chronic apical periodontitis is primarily caused by long-term infection and pathogenic stimulation, leading to a chronic inflammatory reaction around the apical region. Due to its chronic nature, most patients do not experience conscious symptoms. However, there may be sinus tracts in the apical mucosa, with granulation tissue hyperplasia often present at the sinus tract opening. When pressed, pus can be discharged from the sinus tract, resulting in the appearance of abscesses on the gums.

2. Alveolar Bone Hyperplasia

Alveolar bone hyperplasia refers to bone hyperplasia protrusions in the gingival area. The causes may be related to chronic inflammatory stimulation, such as local chronic osteomyelitis, apical periodontitis of the gingiva, periodontitis, and other chronic inflammations. It may also be associated with factors such as age, local trauma, and medications. It manifests as gingival swelling but without conscious symptoms. If the gums remain swollen for an extended period, patients should promptly visit a dentist for examination to identify the underlying cause.