What is Cervical Hyperemia and What Causes It?

Cervical congestion is a relatively common clinical symptom. This condition may be caused by inflammation, cervical cancer, cervical erosion, cervical ectropion, or cervical polyps. Here are some specific causes and related symptoms:

Cervical congestion often manifests as an acute cervical inflammation, which may be triggered by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, or gonococcal infections. Besides cervical congestion, patients may also experience burning pain, pain during sexual intercourse, and overflow of purulent vaginal secretions. It is crucial for patients with these symptoms to undergo relevant medical examinations promptly to identify the specific cause and take timely treatment measures to prevent chronic cervicitis, which can lead to cervical hypertrophy, cervical cyst, stenosis of the cervical canal, and other pathologies, affecting the patient's quality of life in the future.

Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in the body. Contact bleeding may be an early symptom of cervical cancer, often occurring after sexual intercourse or during vaginal examination. Vaginal bleeding is extremely irregular, usually starting with a small amount and gradually increasing, although some patients may experience significant bleeding upon the first contact. Sometimes, vaginal bleeding can also occur after straining during bowel movements.

Due to the chronic inflammatory state of the cervix, there is an increased discharge of purulent secretions, which soak the epithelium of the external cervical os, causing it to lose vitality and form exfoliation and ulcers. Clinically, this manifests as fine granular, shiny, and bright red areas around the external cervical os.

Cervical ectropion occurs when the cervix tears during childbirth, induced labor, or miscarriage. If surgical repair is not performed promptly, scar tissue may contract over time, causing the cervical os to evert. If combined with infection, chronic cervicitis may develop, leading to cervical congestion, purulent vaginal discharge, and contact bleeding.

Inflammation is a contributing factor to the formation of cervical polyps. Polyps originating from the endometrium of the uterine tube are soft, bright red, and fragile, with easy bleeding upon slight touch. They can be detected during gynecological examinations. Larger polyps can cause increased vaginal discharge, bloody discharge, or contact bleeding, especially after sexual intercourse or straining during bowel movements. These symptoms are similar to early cervical cancer.