What Are the Potential Complications After Orthognathic Surgery?
Orthognathic surgery may lead to sequelae such as hematoma, infection, and nerve injury. When teeth encounter some problems, orthognathic surgery is often required to improve their appearance. All surgeries, including orthognathic surgery, involve certain risks. However, proper preparation and postoperative care can significantly reduce the occurrence of sequelae. Here are some common sequelae and preventive measures:
1. Inferior alveolar nerve injury
Orthognathic surgery may cause some damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, resulting in decreased sensitivity in the skin near the lower lip. The incidence rate is about one in ten. About 90% of patients will gradually improve and recover within three to four months after surgery, but a few may not fully recover, leading to persistent numbness in the lower lip.
2. Postoperative infection
Infection may occur after any surgery, including orthognathic surgery. Since most incisions for orthognathic surgery are inside the mouth, poor oral hygiene and irregular daily routines after surgery can increase the risk of infection. Overall, the infection rate is approximately 3%. Most postoperative infections can be managed with outpatient follow-up and antibiotic treatment.
3. Exposure of titanium screws and plates for fixation
Titanium screws and plates used to fix bone cuts have good compatibility with human tissues and do not need to be removed after placement. However, sometimes due to wound infection or poor healing, they may become loose and exposed. In such cases, they can be removed through a minor local anesthetic surgery after bone healing, which usually occurs within six months to a year after surgery.
