What are the items checked in prenatal and genetic screening for optimal childbirth?

Pre-pregnancy Health Examination for Eugenics and Quality Birth

The pre-pregnancy health examination for eugenics and quality birth aims to reduce the occurrence of birth defects and enhance the quality of reproduction through a series of scientific and rigorous tests that evaluate the physical conditions of both partners. This comprehensive examination covers physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, special tests, gynecological examinations, and more, providing a thorough understanding of the couple's health status and fertility potential, thereby informing their pregnancy preparation.

1. Physical Examination

A full-body check, including measurements of basic vital signs such as height, weight, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as examinations of the breasts, limbs, spine, and other areas, assesses overall health. Reproductive organ examinations involve checking for abnormalities in male testicles, epididymides, and penis; and for inflammation, deformities, or tumors in female external genitalia, vagina, cervix, uterus, and appendages.

2. Laboratory Tests

Infectious disease screening, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, HIV, and others, ensures that both partners are free from communicable diseases to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Genetic disease screening, like TORCH tests, assesses the risk of genetic disorders. Biochemical tests, encompassing blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function, blood glucose, and thyroid function, evaluate the body's metabolic status.

3. Imaging Studies

B-ultrasound can be used to examine male reproductive organs like testicles and epididymides, and female reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries, and their appendages, assessing their health. X-ray examinations, like chest X-rays, evaluate lung health, but pregnant women should avoid them.

4. Special Tests

Chromosome analysis is recommended for couples with a family history of genetic diseases or recurrent miscarriages to rule out chromosomal abnormalities that may affect fertility. Genetic testing, like deafness gene screening and folate metabolism gene tests, assesses abnormalities in specific genes.

5. Gynecological Examination

Cervical cancer screening, including liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, evaluates cervical health to prevent cervical cancer. Ultrasound of uterine appendages assesses the uterus, ovaries, and their appendages for conditions like uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts.

The pre-pregnancy health examination for eugenics and quality birth is comprehensive and meticulous, utilizing scientific methods to assess the physical condition and fertility potential of both partners, providing a basis for pregnancy preparation. These tests enable timely detection and management of potential fertility issues, reducing birth defects and enhancing the quality of reproduction. It is recommended for all couples planning pregnancy to undergo this examination.