"How to Prevent and Treat Animal Uremia?"
Uremia is a syndrome characterized by a range of clinical manifestations that arise in the terminal stage of chronic kidney failure. It often develops gradually from certain causes, such as acute or chronic kidney injury, and is generally difficult to prevent. However, measures can be taken to prevent its onset, including avoiding triggering factors, actively treating underlying diseases, correcting water and electrolyte imbalances, and enhancing dialysis.
Preventive Measures Against Uremia
1. Avoiding Triggering Factors: For individuals with chronic kidney damage, it is crucial to avoid risk factors that could deteriorate renal function, including controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, preventing infections, and correcting cardiac arrhythmias.
2. Actively Treating Underlying Diseases: It is recommended to actively manage underlying conditions while controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, which can delay the progression of renal dysfunction and prevent uremia. For instance, patients with chronic glomerulonephritis can use angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril, enalapril) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g., losartan, valsartan) under medical guidance. Diabetic nephropathy patients may be prescribed insulin therapy.
3. Correcting Water and Electrolyte Imbalances: In cases of hyperkalemia associated with uremia, potassium-lowering resins or calcium polystyrene sulfonate can be administered to facilitate potassium excretion. For metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate may be prescribed to rectify water and electrolyte imbalances.
4. Enhancing Dialysis: For hyperphosphatemia in uremia, phosphorus-lowering medications like calcium carbonate or calcium acetate can be used, or calcitriol soft capsules may be prescribed. For uremia stemming from various causes, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis can be employed for renal replacement therapy. Daily care should also be intensified to prolong dialysis sessions, preventing further deterioration. Avoiding fatigue, staying warm, and maintaining a diet rich in high-quality protein and vitamins can help slow disease progression.
