"Does Uremia Cause Swelling in the Body?"

Symptoms of Uremia: Edema and Beyond

In the early stages of uremia, patients typically do not exhibit edema. However, as the condition progresses, edema may manifest, typically starting from the eyelids and face, then extending downwards to the legs and eventually affecting the entire body. Uremia represents the end-stage of acute or chronic renal failure, characterized by disturbances in water-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and hyperkalemia.

1. Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Due to decreased glomerular filtration rate, patients with uremia are prone to water and sodium retention, leading to edema. This, coupled with reduced tubular reabsorption of water, often results in generalized edema. In severe cases, it may manifest as pleural effusion or ascites.

2. Acid-Base Imbalance

Patients with uremia experience diminished kidney function in excreting toxins and reduced capacity for self-regulation of acid-base balance, leading to metabolic acidosis. This acid-base imbalance can contribute to edema.

3. Hyperkalemia

Reduced urine output in uremia leads to decreased excretion of potassium ions, resulting in hyperkalemia. Symptoms include heaviness in limbs, numbness, and weakness. In severe cases, it can cause arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and even threaten life.

4. Other Symptoms

Patients with uremia may also experience anemia, malnutrition, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. Uremia is a severe condition, and patients are advised to seek prompt medical attention to prevent further deterioration that could threaten life.

Treatment options may include medications such as Furosemide and Sodium Bicarbonate, as prescribed by a doctor. Dietary restrictions, particularly limiting protein intake, are crucial. If medically feasible, renal transplantation can also be considered.