"What Causes Red, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums in Infants?"

Infant Gingival Redness, Swelling, and Bleeding Causes and Treatments

Infant gingival redness, swelling, and bleeding can be related to various factors such as teething, trauma, vitamin C deficiency, gingivitis, thrush, among others. If symptoms persist, immediate medical attention is necessary for targeted improvement or treatment under professional guidance. Here are some common causes and corresponding management strategies:

1. Teething

When infants begin teething, the eruption of their primary teeth through the gums can cause some trauma to the gum tissue. This may result in drooling, gingival redness, and reduced appetite. Parents should not be overly concerned as these symptoms are often temporary and will gradually subside with the emergence of teeth.

2. Trauma

Feeding infants with excessively hot or hard foods may irritate and damage the gum tissue, leading to redness, erosion, and pain. Parents can use clean gauze dipped in a small amount of saline solution to cleanse the affected area and maintain oral hygiene to prevent infection.

3. Vitamin C Deficiency

Vitamin C deficiency can weaken gum tissue, making it more susceptible to external stimuli and damage. Even minor pressure can cause gum congestion, swelling, and bleeding. Incorporate vitamin C-rich foods like oranges, kiwis, and tomatoes into the infant's diet. In severe cases, vitamin C supplements like effervescent tablets, sodium chloride injections, or tablets may be prescribed.

4. Gingivitis

Poor oral hygiene allowing food debris to accumulate can lead to gum inflammation, manifested by swelling, pain, and localized bleeding. Treatment may involve using hydrogen peroxide solution, chlorhexidine mouthwash, or huangqin mouthwash under medical supervision.

5. Thrush

A compromised oral environment or weakened immune system can facilitate Candida albicans infection, causing white patches, bleeding, and pain in the oral mucosa and palate. Treatment may involve using a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, saline, or nystatin tablets under medical guidance.

Other potential causes, such as oral herpes simplex and thrombocytopenic purpura, should also be considered. Parents should prioritize oral hygiene, discourage chewing on hard objects, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist.