Vitiligo Treatment Approaches

Vitiligo, a prevalent acquired depigmentation disorder, manifests as white patches on the skin. Adjunctive treatments for vitiligo encompass general therapy, medication, phototherapy, and surgical interventions.

I. General Therapy

1. Diet: Patients should avoid spicy and stimulating foods as well as vitamin C-rich foods such as chili, coffee, and oranges, to prevent impeding the recovery process.

2. Psychology: Some patients experience fear and anxiety due to inadequate understanding of the disease, which may exacerbate symptoms. Maintaining a positive and optimistic mindset fosters a conducive environment for recovery.

3. Routine: Cultivate healthy habits, prioritize rest, avoid late nights, and ensure adequate sleep to promote overall well-being.

II. Medication

1. Topical Medications: Commonly prescribed include tacrolimus ointment, pimecrolimus cream, and calcipotriol ointment, which inhibit cell proliferation, modulate immune responses, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.

2. Oral Medications: Glucocorticoids like prednisone acetate tablets and methotrexate tablets can be administered under medical supervision to control disease progression, though relapse is common post-discontinuation.

III. Phototherapy

This includes narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy and excimer laser therapy, utilizing specific wavelengths of light to target affected areas, disrupt melanocytes, and facilitate restoration of impaired melanocyte function, restoring normal skin pigmentation.

IV. Surgical Treatment

For extensive or stable vitiligo, autologous epidermal grafting or microskin grafting may be employed to alleviate symptoms.

Patients are advised to adopt sun protection measures, applying sunscreen or wearing protective clothing when outdoors, to minimize UV damage to the skin. Furthermore, maintaining a balanced mindset, avoiding undue stress, relaxing, and enjoying a pleasant mood are essential. Should any discomfort arise, immediate medical attention is recommended for targeted treatment under professional guidance.