We all know that eating various grains and cereals every day can often lead to various health issues due to various factors. When we visit the hospital for treatment, we are referred to different departments based on the symptoms presented by our bodies. Hepatobiliary surgery is a common department that specializes in treating diseases related to the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, and spleen, such as tumors, cysts, stones, and various inflammations.

Common Diseases in Hepatobiliary Surgery

The diseases treated in hepatobiliary surgery mainly include tumors, inflammations, stones, injuries, congenital diseases, and vascular diseases affecting the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, and spleen. Specifically, common diseases include primary liver cancer, hepatic hemangioma, liver abscess, liver cyst, gallbladder stones, bile duct stones, congenital bile duct cyst, biliary tract tumors, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas, pancreatitis, and splenic tumors.

Nursing Care for Hepatobiliary Surgical Diseases

1. Acute abdominal pain patients should be fasting. Analgesics are prohibited until the diagnosis is confirmed. Bowel lavage is also prohibited to avoid misdiagnosis or worsening of the condition.
2. Oral care should be provided for patients who are fasting, unconscious, have high fever, or require nasogastric feeding.
3. Psychological care should be provided to patients. Doctors should explain the necessity and precautions of surgery to relieve patients' anxiety and tension.
4. Close observation of the clinical manifestations and vital signs of acute abdominal pain patients is required.
5. If there is a wound, it should be dressed promptly and properly bandaged to maintain sterility.
6. Observe the recovery of intestinal function after surgery and detect postoperative complications promptly.
7. Ensure that patients have sufficient sleep, and sedatives can be administered if necessary.

Common Hepatobiliary Surgical Diseases

1. Gallstones
Gallstones are formed within the gallbladder and can irritate the gallbladder mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation. When stones lodge in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct, they can cause secondary infections and acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Chronic irritation of the gallbladder mucosa by stones may also lead to the development of gallbladder cancer, with a reported incidence rate of 1-2%.
2. Liver Cyst
Liver cyst is a common benign liver disease that can be classified as parasitic, non-parasitic, and congenital hereditary. Since the widespread use of ultrasonography, asymptomatic congenital liver cysts have become common, often occurring in multiple forms, particularly in middle-aged women, often accompanied by polycystic kidney disease.
3. Hepatic Artery Occlusion
This disease has a sudden onset and a severe prognosis. Unless diagnosed and treated early, the fatality rate is high.