"What Causes and Harms Can Be Caused by Low Platelet Counts in Infants?"

Reasons for Thrombocytopenia in Infants

The causes of thrombocytopenia in infants include immunological factors, infectious factors, congenital factors, among others. If an infant experiences thrombocytopenia, it may lead to an increased risk of bleeding and potentially affect normal growth and development. Here are the main factors:

1. Immunological Factors

One example is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disorder. In this condition, the body produces antibodies against platelets, resulting in their excessive destruction or consumption, thereby causing thrombocytopenia. Infants may exhibit symptoms such as skin petechiae, ecchymoses, and gum bleeding. In severe cases, intracranial bleeding may occur.

2. Infectious Factors

Viral infections, such as viral hepatitis, can damage liver function, impairing the liver's ability to synthesize coagulation factors, ultimately leading to insufficient platelet production. Bacterial infections may also hinder platelet production, contributing to thrombocytopenia. Infants may present with symptoms like fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding and cerebral hemorrhage may occur.

3. Congenital Factors

An example is hereditary spherocytosis, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. This condition shortens the lifespan of red blood cells and increases their destruction by the spleen, leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia. Infants may show symptoms of jaundice and anemia.

4. Other Causes

Blood system disorders like aplastic anemia and acute leukemia can also cause thrombocytopenia in infants. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent further complications. If an infant experiences thrombocytopenia, parents should avoid accidents and injuries in daily life and ensure regular follow-ups with healthcare professionals.