Is a Compression Fracture of the 12th Thoracic Vertebra Serious? Are There Potential Long-Term Effects?

Timely and proper treatment is crucial for thoracolumbar compression fractures. Improper treatment or severe fractures can easily lead to sequelae. If thoracolumbar compression fractures cause neurological damage, the fractures are considered severe. Mild thoracolumbar compression fractures can recover well through conservative treatment, while severe fractures require prompt medical attention. Let's explore the severity of thoracolumbar compression fractures and their potential sequelae.

Determining the severity of thoracolumbar compression fractures solely based on the description of the injury is challenging. This term merely describes the location and type of the fracture but not its degree. Thoracolumbar compression fractures refer to fractures of the 12th thoracic vertebra, with compression indicating that the anterior aspect of the vertebra is compressed. The degree of compression can range from mild to severe, and neurological damage may or may not be present. Mild compression without neurological damage is considered less severe, while severe compression accompanied by neurological damage is typically considered more severe.

Thoracolumbar compression fractures can potentially lead to sequelae if treated improperly or if the fractures are severe. Common sequelae include:

• Kyphosis or posterior protrusion of the lumbar spine, often resulting from improper reduction of the compression fracture.
• Residual muscle strain or chronic aseptic inflammation in the lumbar and back region, leading to long-term pain that intensifies with activity or exertion.
• Severe compression fractures that damage the spinal cord and nerves may result in lower limb paralysis. Mild cases may cause decreased muscle strength and sensory function in both lower limbs, while severe cases can lead to complete paraplegia with incontinence and complete loss of sensation and strength in both lower limbs.

Recovery time for thoracolumbar compression fractures depends on the severity of the injury. For mild cases, conservative treatment is usually sufficient. However, patients may experience pain and limited lumbar function, necessitating a prolonged period of rest. Most patients require approximately three months of rest to recover, avoiding heavy lifting during this time. For patients with less severe symptoms, surgical intervention is generally not recommended as it may risk nerve damage. Bed rest is often the preferred approach, and pain medication such as fenbid and indomethacin can be prescribed to manage discomfort.