Fetal Duodenal Atresia: Causes and Management
Fetal duodenal atresia, a type of malformation within the digestive system, has an incompletely understood etiology. Research suggests a possible link to genetic factors, environmental pollution, smoking, infections, and exposure to heavy metals. Upon discovery during prenatal screening, management should be guided by the severity of the condition and medical advice.
1. Genetics
If there is a history of congenital digestive system malformations in the family, the risk of fetal duodenal atresia significantly increases. In cases where the fetus has additional malformations making retention unfeasible, induced labor may be recommended under medical supervision.
2. Environmental Pollution
Prolonged exposure to pollutants can cause the pregnant woman to absorb harmful substances that may enter the fetus, affecting its development and, in some cases, leading to duodenal atresia. Pregnant women should reside in clean, unpolluted environments to prevent this.
3. Smoking
Smoking, either by the pregnant woman herself or through passive inhalation of secondhand smoke, exposes the fetus to particles, nicotine, tar, and other substances that may contribute to duodenal atresia. Pregnant women must protect themselves by refraining from smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke.
4. Infection
Invasion by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses can lead to infections that may trigger genetic mutations in the fetus, with duodenal atresia occurring in a minority of cases. Pregnant women should engage in moderate physical activity, improve nutrition, and boost immunity to prevent infections.
5. Exposure to Heavy Metals
Long-term exposure to heavy metals like lead and mercury can result in excessive levels of these substances in the body, potentially causing duodenal atresia in the fetus. Pregnant women should avoid contact with these heavy metals during pregnancy. Prolonged exposure to radiation may also play a role, and in severe cases, induced labor may be necessary.
