What Are the Risks of Elevated Prolactin Levels During Pregnancy?

After becoming pregnant, women's bodies secrete certain hormones, prolactin being a typical example. Although prolactin secretion is robust, it still falls within a reasonable range. Exceeding this range can pose hazards to women's bodies, even leading to miscarriage. Therefore, it is essential to correctly understand the dangers of elevated prolactin levels and actively take preventive measures. Let's delve into the harmful effects of high prolactin during pregnancy.

Firstly, miscarriage. High prolactin levels in pregnant women may lead to fetal arrest or miscarriage. Elevated prolactin can suppress estrogen and progesterone peaks, which are two essential hormones for pregnancy. Their absence can result in miscarriage. Therefore, pregnant women should seek timely medical attention, especially those who have had such symptoms before pregnancy.

Secondly, it can affect the normal development of ovarian follicles. Elevated prolactin can significantly suppress the normal secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, affecting the normal development of ovarian follicles, ovulation function, and fertility. Reduced secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone can directly lead to impaired follicular development in the ovaries, resulting in weak or incomplete development and ultimately infertility. Insufficient secretion of progesterone (luteinizing hormone) can lead to inadequate luteal function, making it difficult to maintain the implantation and development of fertilized follicles. Even if pregnancy is successful, it is prone to miscarriage. Therefore, women with this condition should receive more attention during pregnancy.

1. Observation is recommended. If prolactin levels increase during early pregnancy but without specific discomfort or severe elevation, temporary observation without treatment is advisable. However, if prolactin levels increase significantly, brain MRI should be performed to determine whether it is caused by a microadenoma of the pituitary gland. Other tests, such as estrogen, progesterone, and blood HCG tests, should also be actively conducted to address the situation and maintain pregnancy accordingly.

2. Bromocriptine can be used to control prolactin secretion, generally without significant impact on the fetus. Regular check-ups are still necessary, and the medication can be discontinued once prolactin levels return to normal. Excessive prolactin secretion may lead to decreased estrogen levels in the serum of pregnant women, resulting in ovarian dysfunction and reduced ovulation. It is recommended to avoid spicy and stimulating foods and maintain a bland diet.

3. Daily adjustment is crucial. Pregnant women with high prolactin levels should pay attention to their diet and exercise, consuming more vegetables, fruits, and high-protein foods while engaging in moderate physical activities. Additionally, maintaining a regular lifestyle, avoiding frequent late nights, and ensuring adequate rest are essential.

4. Overall, during early pregnancy, it is necessary to assess the severity of prolactin elevation. Mild elevations may not require treatment. However, severe cases require prompt examination and treatment. Pregnant women should maintain a positive mindset, avoid undue psychological stress, and refrain from staying up late.