When we are sick, we need some medication to help our bodies fight viruses. There are many ways for drugs to enter the body, with the most common being oral administration and intravenous infusion. Generally speaking, intravenous infusion is faster in its effect as the drugs directly act on the body, helping us eliminate the illness faster. Typically, the speed of infusion does not affect the therapeutic effect. Infusion has the following characteristics:
1. Infusion requires a large dosage, and has stricter requirements on pyrogen, clarity, sterility, pH, osmotic pressure, etc., compared to small-volume injections. The pH should be close to the pH of bodily fluids to avoid excessive acidity or alkalinity.
2. Infusion is generally packaged in closed neutral hard glass bottles and lightweight specially made plastic bottles or bags. The volume of infusion is generally above 100ml, with some reaching 1000ml, and it is widely used in clinical settings for the rescue and treatment of critically ill patients.
3. Infusion cannot use suspensions or oily solutions, and is generally prepared as a clear solution, administered mainly through intravenous drip.
4. Infusion, especially certain blood volume expanders such as dextran injection, requires certain hemorheological properties such as colloidal nature, specific gravity, viscosity, and retention, in order to increase plasma volume.
5. Infusion mostly uses water as a solvent and should not contain any antibacterial agents. The preparation to sterilization should be completed within 4 hours. Common issues include bacterial contamination, which is mainly caused by severe pollution during production, incomplete sterilization, loose or leaky bottle caps.
In addition, attention should also be paid to the following quality requirements: ① The pH should be as close to the pH of human blood as possible while ensuring efficacy and stability of the product, as too high or too low pH can cause acidosis or alkalosis; ② The osmotic pressure should be isotonic or slightly hypertonic; ③ No antibacterial agents should be added to the infusion, and the quality should be stable during storage; ④ It should be non-toxic and non-allergenic, without any foreign proteins or hypotensive substances that can cause allergic reactions, and should not cause abnormal changes in blood tests or damage to liver and kidney function after infusion into the human body.
