What Are the Characteristics of Breast Precancerous Lesions?
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor, and the earlier it is detected and treated, the better the effect. Before the occurrence of breast cancer, patients generally feel breast pain, and there are obvious lumps when pressing the breasts. The lumps are movable. At the same time, there is nipple discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination to determine the stage of breast cancer, and then choose chemotherapy and radiotherapy methods for treatment. Breast massage can be performed after surgery to relieve pain.
1. Breast Lump
The main manifestation of breast cancer is the presence of a lump on the breast, which is often an early symptom of breast cancer. Most patients do not feel pain, and only less than 1/3 of patients feel some tingling or dull pain, but it is not very obvious. About 60% of the lumps grow on the outer upper part of the breast, and their shapes are round and irregular. The early cancerous tissue does not infiltrate, and the lump can still be moved. However, because the lumps of breast cancer are very similar to benign breast tumors in many aspects, it is not accurate to determine their nature solely by touching the lumps, and it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination.
2. Unilateral Nipple Discharge
Women who are not breastfeeding suddenly have nipple discharge (milk-like, bloody, or watery fluid), which should be noted because some of these patients may have breast cancer.
3. Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
The lobules are enlarged, with an increase in the number and slight thickening of the terminal ducts within the lobules, significant epithelial cell proliferation, and mild dysplasia. The lumen narrows, and the myoepithelial cells are not obvious. The difference between it and lobular carcinoma in situ is that the cell dysplasia is mild, the thickening of the terminal ducts within the lobules is not significant, the lumen is not completely lost, and myoepithelial cells can still be seen.
4. Atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia
The epithelial cells of the mammary duct proliferate significantly, accompanied by cell dysplasia and structural disorder, but it is not sufficient to diagnose intraductal carcinoma. According to the degree of histological structure and cell dysplasia, it is divided into mild, moderate, and severe. In mild lesions, the ducts are dilated, and epithelial cells proliferate to form solid, papillary, or adenoid structures with mild cell dysplasia and partial polarity disorder, but the myoepithelial cells are clear. Moderate lesions are between mild and severe, with significant proliferation of glandular epithelial cells, forming solid, papillary, or reticulated structures, with cell dysplasia, most polarity disorders, and the presence of myoepithelial cells. In severe lesions, the ducts are significantly dilated, and proliferating epithelial cells form solid, papillary, or sieve-like structures with more obvious cell dysplasia, most polarity loss, and inconspicuous myoepithelial cells.
