Thalassemia: A Hereditary Hemolytic Disorder

Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic disorder caused by defects in globin genes, leading to impaired synthesis of one or more globin peptide chains. Patients require prompt medical attention and treatment under the guidance of physicians.

Treatment Approaches

1. General Treatment: If symptoms are mild and no significant discomfort is present, no specific intervention is required; regular follow-ups suffice.

2. Pharmacological Therapy: For moderate to severe thalassemia patients, medications such as folic acid tablets can be prescribed to slow disease progression, alleviate suffering, and extend lifespan. Additionally, iron supplements like ferrous sulfate syrup and ferrous succinate granules, under medical supervision, may be administered to replenish essential trace elements, stimulate red blood cell growth, and improve anemia symptoms.

3. Blood Transfusion Therapy: During acute episodes, administering small, frequent doses of packed red blood cells may be considered to maintain normal blood volume and prevent complications. Severe thalassemia patients reliant on long-term transfusions should receive fresh frozen platelets at least once a month to prevent infections.

4. Splenectomy: This surgical procedure is indicated for children who continue to experience uncontrollable bleeding despite frequent transfusions or those with severe infections. Removing the spleen reduces its impact on hematopoietic stem cells, enhancing quality of life. Alternative treatments include allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Daily Management

In daily life, it's crucial to rest adequately, avoid excessive exertion, stay warm, maintain a positive mindset, and actively cooperate with medical professionals for treatment. Regular monitoring and adherence to prescribed therapies are vital for managing thalassemia effectively.