What Are the Hazards of Bacterial Vaginitis?

Bacterial vaginosis is a common gynecological disease among women, mainly caused by infection with toxic bacteria leading to inflammation. The typical symptoms include itching and pain. Bacterial vaginosis can also lead to various complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, abnormal uterine bleeding and endometritis, postoperative gynecological infections, cervical cancer, HIV infection, infertility, and miscarriage. If symptoms are detected, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.

1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: The most commonly isolated bacteria in the genital secretions of women with pelvic inflammatory disease are consistent with the bacteria found in bacterial vaginosis, including Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, and Gardnerella vaginalis.

2. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Endometritis: Abnormal uterine bleeding is caused by endometritis, which can be due to abnormal reactions of the infected endometrium to ovarian hormones or direct damage to the endometrium caused by infection or inflammation.

3. Postoperative Gynecological Infections: Among women who undergo surgical termination of pregnancy, the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease is 3.7 times higher in those with bacterial vaginosis compared to those without.

4. Cervical Cancer: Bacterial vaginosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and genital human papillomavirus infection have the same epidemiological relationship. The anaerobic metabolism of bacteria in bacterial vaginosis produces ammonia and carcinogenic nitrous acid ammonium in vaginal secretions.

5. HIV Infection: Patients with bacterial vaginosis may have an increased risk of HIV transmission. When the pH level increases, the survival and adhesion abilities of HIV also increase, potentially making transmission easier.

6. Infertility and Miscarriage: The incidence of infertility due to fallopian tube factors is higher in patients with bacterial vaginosis. In fertility treatment, the embryo implantation rates are similar between patients with and without bacterial vaginosis, but the early pregnancy miscarriage rate is higher in patients with bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition among modern women that has a significant impact on their daily lives. Women's health is not only crucial for the happiness and harmony of families, but it also affects social development. Therefore, it is essential for everyone to have a basic understanding of these gynecological conditions.