What is the safest way to avoid pregnancy during breastfeeding?

Pregnancy and childbirth are common occurrences, and it is widely known that one cannot immediately conceive again after childbirth as it is not conducive to uterine recovery. Therefore, during lactation, mothers and fathers should take contraceptive measures. So, what is the safest way to avoid pregnancy during lactation? It is essential to choose the safest contraceptive method to prevent accidental pregnancy. Recommended methods include oral contraceptives, tubal ligation, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and condoms. It is generally advisable to avoid relying on the safe period for contraception.

1. Oral contraceptives are one of the most comfortable contraceptive methods. Short-acting contraceptives are taken daily, or continuously for 22 days from the end of menstruation, which can regulate menstrual cycles and provide relief for premenstrual abdominal pain, irritability, and other symptoms. They are recommended for those who currently do not plan to have children or for mothers who have already passed the lactation period, especially married women who have not yet given birth.

2. The rhythm method (safe period method) has a low cost and can enhance intimacy between partners. However, its failure rate is as high as 14.4%-47%. Even for women with regular menstrual cycles, changes in climate, diet, mood, and environment can cause fluctuations in ovulation timing and even result in additional ovulation. Therefore, the term "safe period" can be misleading as it is not a reliable contraceptive method. It is suitable only for those with regular menstrual cycles, who live together long-term, and can accurately calculate their safe period. It is particularly unsuitable for women with irregular menstrual cycles, couples visiting each other, and women whose living environment has changed.

3. Male condoms are currently the most common contraceptive device. They not only prevent pregnancy but also protect against the transmission of sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS. However, condoms are made from natural latex, which can cause allergic reactions in some people and may affect sexual comfort. Condoms are suitable for all individuals, especially breastfeeding mothers, as medication is not recommended during lactation as it may affect milk production and the growth and development of the baby.

4. Tubal ligation does not affect hormone levels in the body. It simply blocks the passage where sperm and eggs meet, so there is no need to worry about it affecting secondary sexual characteristics or causing early menopause. While this method offers a permanent solution, many couples may hesitate to choose it. Additionally, it is not suitable for those who plan to have children in the future.

5. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) can cause rejection reactions in a small percentage of women, manifesting as increased menstrual flow, longer menstrual cycles, and intensified menstrual pain. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if an IUD is a suitable contraceptive option for you.