What Causes Dark Spots on the Heel and How to Deal with Them?

Dark spots on the heel may be caused by excessive friction, trauma, pigmented nevi, plantar warts, athlete's foot, and other reasons. They can be improved through enhanced care, physical therapy, medication, and other methods. It is important to seek medical attention promptly.

1. Excessive Friction: Frequent friction against the skin of the heel can lead to localized pigmentation, forming dark patches on the heel. This is a normal phenomenon and does not require special treatment. Reduce friction on the heel by choosing socks made of soft materials.

2. Trauma: If the heel is squeezed or impacted, it can cause subcutaneous tissue damage, leading to localized blood stagnation, darkening of the skin, swelling, and significant pain. Apply ice packs to promote vasoconstriction, reduce swelling, and relieve pain. After 24 hours, apply a warm towel to promote blood circulation and gradual resolution of the blood stagnation.

3. Pigmented Nevi: The cause is related to genetics and environmental factors. It results in benign proliferation of melanocytes in the heel, forming dark-colored papules or nodules. There are usually no obvious symptoms, and the growth rate is slow. Generally, no treatment is needed. If it affects appearance, laser therapy, cryotherapy, and electrocautery can be performed under medical guidance. However, proper skin care is necessary after treatment, and the area should not be exposed to water for a short period.

4. Plantar Warts: This disease is caused by human papillomavirus infection. It leads to abnormal growth of skin cells on the heel, forming protruding lesions on the skin surface, usually gray-brown or tan in color. Excessive stimulation may darken the color, and pressing hard may cause pain. Salicylic acid ointment, imiquimod cream, and fluorouracil ointment can be used under medical guidance. These medications should not be applied to normal skin to avoid irritation.

5. Athlete's Foot: This disease is caused by fungal infection. It causes symptoms such as blisters, peeling, erosion, and itching on the heel. Repeated scratching or delayed treatment may lead to pigmentation and darkening of the area. Miconazole nitrate cream, clotrimazole solution, and compound ketoconazole ointment can be used as prescribed to treat the fungal infection. Patients should keep their feet clean and develop the habit of washing them frequently. During treatment, proper local care should be taken, walking should be reduced appropriately, and emotions should remain stable to avoid excessive anxiety.