Differences Between 14C Breath Test and Gastroscopy

The primary distinctions between the 14C breath test and gastroscopy lie in their functions, principles, methods, invasiveness, pre-test preparations, and contraindications, as detailed below:

1. Functions

The 14C breath test is used to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Gastroscopy, on the other hand, is employed to diagnose conditions within the stomach, such as gastritis, ulcers, and internal space-occupying lesions.

2. Principles

The 14C breath test involves the detection of labeled carbon dioxide produced by the breakdown of urea by H. pylori in the stomach, using specialized equipment. Gastroscopy, conversely, utilizes a fiber-optic endoscope to visually inspect the esophagus and stomach for organic abnormalities.

3. Methods

For the 14C breath test, patients simply breathe into a detection device after ingesting a urea capsule. Gastroscopy, on the other hand, involves gently inserting a fiber-optic endoscope into the stomach, requiring a high level of patient cooperation and lasting 5-15 minutes. When endoscopic treatment is necessary, the procedure may be extended.

4. Invasiveness

The 14C breath test is non-invasive, making it easy for patients to comply. Gastroscopy, however, can be somewhat invasive for some patients, causing nausea, throat pain, or other discomfort.

5. Pre-test Preparations

Before the 14C breath test, patients are advised to avoid antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications like omeprazole enteric-coated capsules for a week. For gastroscopy, patients undergo blood tests to screen for blood-borne infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and HIV. Elderly patients may need an ECG to rule out coronary heart disease. An eight-hour fast is required the day before, and patients are given simethicone antifoaming agents to minimize bubble interference during the procedure.

6. Contraindications

The 14C breath test generally has no contraindications. However, gastroscopy is not suitable for individuals with mental disorders, severe heart failure, severe arrhythmias, respiratory difficulties, patients in the acute phase of upper gastrointestinal perforation, or those with acute chemical burns in the esophagus or stomach.