What is the most reliable method for diagnosing gastric cancer?
The most reliable method for diagnosing gastric cancer is through gastroscopy combined with biopsy. This examination allows for direct observation of gastric lesions and the acquisition of tissue for pathological analysis, thereby confirming the presence or absence of cancer. Other auxiliary diagnostic tests such as imaging studies and tumor marker detection can also aid in diagnosis and assessment of the condition.
1. Gastroscopy: Gastroscopy is currently one of the most direct and reliable methods for diagnosing gastric cancer. Through gastroscopy, doctors can clearly observe the internal state of the stomach, including inflammation, ulcers, and suspicious tumor lesions. If abnormalities are found, doctors will take biopsies for professional pathological tissue examination and analysis to determine the presence of cancer. It is recommended that individuals with high-risk factors for gastric cancer, such as those with long-term stomach pain, unexplained indigestion, or a family history of the disease, undergo gastroscopy regularly for early detection and treatment.
2. Imaging Studies: Imaging studies such as CT (computed tomography) scans, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and endoscopic ultrasonography can clarify the stage of gastric cancer and the presence of metastasis. For example, CT scans can help assess the size and morphology of the tumor, as well as the involvement of surrounding lymph nodes or organs. These studies are typically used as supplementary assessment tools after gastroscopic biopsy to aid in the formulation of treatment plans.
3. Tumor Marker Detection: Blood tests for gastric cancer-related tumor markers such as CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA72-4, and CA19-9 can serve as auxiliary diagnostic methods. Although elevated tumor markers have certain specificity, their sensitivity is limited, and therefore they are insufficient for gastric cancer diagnosis alone and can only be used as a reference. The key to diagnosing gastric cancer lies in early detection, with gastroscopy combined with biopsy serving as the gold standard. In the event of long-term stomach discomfort, significant weight loss, vomiting blood, or other symptoms, medical attention should be sought promptly for relevant examinations. After diagnosis, a reasonable treatment plan, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy, should be promptly formulated.
Regular physical examinations, as well as lifestyle interventions such as a healthy diet, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation, can effectively reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
