Abnormal vaginal discharge requires prompt attention, and the cause should be identified through gynecological examination and laboratory tests. Vaginal discharge serves as a mirror of a woman's health, consisting mainly of cells shed from the vaginal wall, cervical secretions, and a small amount of normal flora. Under normal circumstances, it is usually colorless, transparent, or milky white, with its texture varying across the menstrual cycle. If vaginal discharge is excessive in amount, has an abnormal color (such as yellow-green or grayish white), or is accompanied by an unpleasant odor or itching, it may indicate a gynecological health issue. Common examination methods include routine vaginal discharge tests, colposcopy, and culture of secretions. Routine vaginal discharge tests examine pH level, white blood cell count, and bacterial species, helping doctors initially differentiate between bacterial vaginosis, fungal infections, trichomoniasis, and other causes. If a more serious or unclear infection is suspected, culture of secretions can further identify the type of pathogenic bacteria. For some cases, cervical smears or HPV testing may also be necessary to screen for cervical inflammation or other risks of cervical lesions. In daily life, it is important to keep the private area clean and dry, using running water for cleaning and avoiding excessive use of douches. Additionally, antibiotics or antiseptics should not be used arbitrarily to prevent disruption of the vaginal flora. If abnormal vaginal discharge persists without improvement, it is recommended to visit a formal medical institution as soon as possible for diagnosis and timely treatment to avoid delaying the condition.
