Persistent cough that does not resolve and is accompanied by dyspnea requires prompt medical attention, as it may indicate underlying health issues. A cough lasting more than eight weeks is classified as chronic cough, typically caused by various factors including smoking, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), postnasal drip syndrome, and bronchitis. For patients with long-term cough, it is essential to first rule out the possibility of serious conditions such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, or lung cancer, especially when symptoms like dyspnea, chest pain, or hemoptysis are present. If chronic cough is confirmed without other serious conditions, management should focus on both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment.
Lifestyle adjustments form the foundation of chronic cough treatment. Firstly, quitting smoking is crucial, as harmful chemicals in tobacco irritate the respiratory tract and prolong coughing symptoms. Additionally, maintaining indoor air humidity with the use of humidifiers helps reduce dry irritants in the air. For throat discomfort caused by dry cough, drinking warm water or honey lemon water can alleviate itchy throat sensations.
In terms of pharmacological treatment, over-the-counter cough syrups like dextromethorphan can be used to suppress the cough reflex. Antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine can relieve symptoms caused by allergies. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are suitable for cough due to GERD. The use of inhaled corticosteroids is effective in treating long-term cough caused by asthma.
Lifestyle adjustments form the foundation of chronic cough treatment. Firstly, quitting smoking is crucial, as harmful chemicals in tobacco irritate the respiratory tract and prolong coughing symptoms. Additionally, maintaining indoor air humidity with the use of humidifiers helps reduce dry irritants in the air. For throat discomfort caused by dry cough, drinking warm water or honey lemon water can alleviate itchy throat sensations.
Regarding pharmacological treatment, over-the-counter cough syrups like dextromethorphan can be used to suppress the cough reflex. Antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine can relieve symptoms caused by allergies. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are suitable for cough due to GERD. The use of inhaled corticosteroids is effective in treating long-term cough caused by asthma.
Daily prevention and management strategies are equally important. It is recommended to consume a balanced diet rich in vitamin C and zinc to boost immunity, such as citrus fruits and nuts. Regular exercise not only enhances cardiopulmonary function but also contributes to overall health improvement, thereby reducing the incidence of respiratory diseases. For individuals with allergic constitutions, it is advisable to avoid allergens like pollen and dust mites and enhance indoor cleanliness. If dry cough is related to medication side effects, consult a physician to adjust the medication regimen. If symptoms do not improve or worsen, seek immediate medical attention for further professional examination and treatment. Through comprehensive lifestyle improvements and medical therapy, the long-term cough issue in most patients can be effectively alleviated or cured.
