What are the Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes?

Diabetes is a highly harmful disease that is particularly prevalent among middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no cure for diabetes, and it can only be controlled through medication. Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing diabetes. Common symptoms of diabetes include increased appetite, numbness and trembling in the hands and feet, frequent urination, and weight loss.

1. Increased Appetite: Since the body excretes glucose as urine, the food intake may not be sufficient to maintain the body's required calories, leading to constant feelings of hunger. Despite eating large quantities of food, patients may still feel hungry. Those who normally avoid sweet foods may also start consuming large amounts of them. If these symptoms are present, it is advisable to consider the possibility of diabetes and consult a doctor promptly.

2. Numbness and Trembling in Hands and Feet: Diabetic patients may frequently experience numbness, trembling, reduced finger dexterity, pain, severe neuropathic foot pain, lower limb paralysis, back pain, reluctance to walk, calf cramps during the night, and oculomotor nerve palsy. They may also experience blurred vision and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

3. Frequent Urination: Elevated blood sugar levels can lead to osmotic diuresis, resulting in increased urine output. Some patients may urinate more than 20 times a day, frequently waking up during the night, disrupting their sleep. The total daily urine volume often exceeds 2-3 liters, occasionally reaching over 10 liters.

4. Weight Loss: Due to impaired glucose utilization and increased consumption of protein and fat, diabetes patients may experience weight loss, fatigue, and emaciation. In particular, children with type 1 diabetes and severe cases of type 2 diabetes may lose tens of pounds. However, middle-aged and older patients with mild type 2 diabetes may become obese due to increased appetite.